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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Thursday, May 20, 2021
Annealing is sometimes used to minimize a material's hardness, which improves its machinability. Both ferrous and non-ferrous alloys can be used.
Fremont, CA: Some materials can need to go through procedures that change their grain structure during the manufacturing process. Heat treatments are a method of changing metal's physical properties and improving them for use in various industries by using regulated heating and cooling procedures.
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These heat treatments differ based on the metal form and the mechanical properties needed for the parts to work. To ensure that the metal meets the required strength specifications, proper heat treatment procedures must be followed.
Annealing and Solution Annealing
In this heat treatment, materials are heated to a certain temperature and kept there for a certain amount of time before being cooled slowly or quickly, depending on the type of material. The procedure refines grain microstructure, making it more uniform and workable. It's also used to increase a material's flexibility for further machining and reduce any possible casting stresses.
Annealing is sometimes used to minimize a material's hardness, which improves its machinability. Both ferrous and non-ferrous alloys can be used.
When it comes to solution annealing, the procedure is similar to annealing in that it uses temperature to increase corrosion resistance and ductility in 300 series stainless steels.
Both treatments are commonly used in the metallurgy industry, even in the investment casting process.
Hardening and Tempering
There are two steps of hardening and tempering. Hardening is a process that involves heating a substance to a temperature above 900oC, then rapidly cooling or quenching it. It can be done on some steels with a specific carbon range. As a result, parts are lighter and stronger, and tools and dies can achieve the requisite wear resistance while remaining tough. If a part is made of martensitic stainless steel, it can only be heat-treated to become corrosion resistant after this.
Tempering, a second heating and cooling cycle may be used to give the component a degree of ductility, making it harder and less likely to break under pressure. Parts can be toughened by tempering.
These are crucial steps in the steel pipe industry because they boost the metals' mechanical properties, ensuring their safe use in oil, water, and gas pipelines.
Case Harden
Case hardening, also known as carburizing, is a thermochemical process in which alloying components, primarily carbon or nitrogen, are applied to the surface of metal up to a certain depth (the case); only the outer case hardens. This is advantageous in some applications because it enables a component to have a malleable core with a very rigid, wear-resistant outer part.
As a result, wear resistance has increased though hardness has not been compromised—ideal for a range of applications involving pressure as well as wear and tear.
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