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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Tuesday, February 01, 2022
Because the advantages of power electronic systems outweigh the limitations, they continue to grow in popularity and application tremendously.
FREMONT, CA: Power electronics have exploded in popularity in recent years, and practically all applications today incorporate power electronic devices in some fashion. As a result, examining the benefits of these technologies that have contributed to their popularity becomes critical. The following are some of the benefits and drawbacks of power electronic converters:
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The Benefits of Using Power Electronic Converters
The following are some of the advantages of power electric electronic converters.
Mass Production: Due to significant advancements in semiconductor device manufacturing techniques, these semiconductor-based power electronic devices are mass-produced in large quantities, resulting in extremely low prices. These devices come in a range of voltage and current specifications.
Highly Reliable: Due to the absence of mechanical moving parts, these devices have a very low failure rate and thus an extremely rugged performance and long life, providing they are operated within the specified operating conditions.
Highly Efficient: In the majority of applications, these devices act as switches, and we know that power loss and switching losses are extremely low in both modes of the switch, i.e., ON and OFF.
Minimum Maintenance: Again, power electronic systems require little maintenance due to the absence of mechanical moving components.
Fast: Faster dynamic response: Compared to mechanical or electro-mechanical devices, power electronic systems are significantly faster.
Size: Compared to mechanical systems with comparable power ratings, these power electronic systems are significantly smaller in size, resulting in less weight, less floor space, fewer handling concerns, lower installation costs, and lower packaging and transit costs, among other benefits.
The Negative Aspects of Power Electronic Converters
Additionally, power electronic systems have several drawbacks. Several of them are as follows:
Harmonics: One of the major disadvantages of power electronic systems is that they inject significant harmonics on both sides, the linked load and the power source. Since converters vary the sinusoidal waveform to meet the requirements, harmonics are formed in the converter's output voltage and current and the converter's input current. Now, these harmonics are wreaking havoc on both sides. Suppose we have motors on the load side. In that case, harmonics generate problems such as excessive heating, increased acoustic noise, torsional vibration of the motor shaft, and commutation issues in DC motors. As a result, we now have unique VFD motors that are specifically engineered to mitigate the impacts of harmonics. Additionally, we have filter circuits in place to limit the harmonics to the load.
Harmonics also cause significant problems on the supply side. Other equipment linked to the same source is adversely affected. Harmonics in supply lines can also cause radio interference with communication lines, audio and video equipment, and other electronic devices. Additionally, the input side transformer overheats, reducing its efficiency. Special converter transformers are utilized when the output contains significant power electronic systems, such as motor drives in industries. Additionally, harmonics increase the skin effect in the cables, resulting in increased warmth. As a result, we must additionally install filters on the input side.
Low Power Factor: Certain power electronic converters operate at extremely low input power factor, necessitating the installation of reactive power compensation equipment.
Low Overload Capacity: Power electrical equipment operate at their rated voltage and current as long as an adequate heat evacuation mechanism is in place. Excess current results in hot patches at connectors and device combustion. Since a high dv/dt ratio results in false triggering, power electronic equipment must also include mandatory protective measures such as a snubber circuit.
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