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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Sunday, September 25, 2022
Eliminating waste is a critical advantage of lean manufacturing, as lean methodology is designed to reduce waste within operations.
FREMONT, CA: Reducing waste is a significant benefit of lean manufacturing, a production process based on mapping the value stream and starting to work only when there is demand. These are well-documented across multiple industries, including aerospace. The approach is dependent on accurately forecasting demand, a complex proposition relying on historical data, sales estimates, educated guesswork, and other factors. Today, the environment of supply chain shortages poses an additional challenge for any manufacturing process, including lean.
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Waste is a critical drain on profitability. Lean methodology is intended to eliminate waste in operations and is divided into several categories, including defects, excess processing, overproduction, waiting, inventory, transportation, motion, and underutilised talent. Defects are self-explanatory as activities and techniques are not properly documented or standardised, and quality defects are more common due to improper machine maintenance, a lack of processes, variances in inventory, or poor quality control.
Excess processing or having many non-value-added processes wastes time. It is a result of poor communication, lengthy approval processes, redundant efforts with reporting or data collection, or inefficient management. Process mapping avoids waste by analysing and optimising different workflows.
Overproduction occurs when items are manufactured before they are necessary, resulting in wasted or expired materials, a strain on storage and staging space, and additional personnel required to shift materials more frequently. Implementing a pull system to reduce overproduction because materials are produced only as needed to optimise forecasting and production schedules.
On the other hand, waiting is another waste which is the opposite of overproduction and encompasses people, materials, machines, and other assets. Lack of process control is a primary factor in this form of lean waste. Improper or nonexistent processes lead to long, delayed staging times, downtime, overtime, and higher costs for parts and labour. When operations fail to run efficiently, there can be abrupt starts and halts of different processes, leading to personnel rushing to catch up as materials or resources become available, causing quality issues.
Inventory is also a waste when it takes up warehouse space and causes excessive movement of parts from different storage areas. Excess inventory is a result of the overproduction of goods and has a direct correlation with other waste forms. With lean manufacturing, standard minimum and maximum levels of inventory are mapped to improve scheduling, purchasing, and forecasting.
Transportation waste is a result of poor factory design. If factory floors fail to be mapped with lean methodology, fuel and energy costs could be higher due to inefficient routing. Transportation waste can lead to waiting for waste and motion waste involving asset movement over greater distances in the factory than necessary. Value stream mapping in the early phases of implementing lean is crucial for eliminating transportation waste.
The last form of waste is untapped talent, which is not manufacturing-specific as it addresses both management tactics and the company's environment and culture. Reducing waste can be achieved by providing adequate training and improving communication. and using an employee's existing talents. These measures serve to maximise an employee's contributions to organisational efficiency and offer them career development.
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