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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Tuesday, August 24, 2021
Heat treatment enhances the properties, strength, and performance of a material using some unique techniques.
FREMONT, CA: Heat treatment is the process of heating and cooling a material for the purpose of enhancing its properties, strength, and performance. Metals and alloys are mostly heat treated. Heat treatment is used by many industries like construction, mining, automotive, agriculture, and aerospace to enhance the material's properties. The process of heat treatment generally consists of three steps; heating, soaking, and cooling.
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There are five techniques for heat treatment of materials:
Normalizing
To achieve consistency in the material microstructure, this technique involves homogenization or grain refining. To obtain a homogeneous austenitic phase, the material is heated to a temperature above the upper critical line of the iron carbide phase diagram. After that, a cooling phase in mildly agitated air is used to create ferrite.
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Annealing
The material is heated above its upper critical point, soaked there, and then cooled slowly throughout the annealing process. Internal stresses are relieved, the grain structure of metals is softened, and the grain structure is refined using this technique. As a result, the metal's mechanical and electrical property changes.
Surface hardening
Case hardening is another term used for surface hardening. It consists of more than a dozen treatments in which the material's surface is hardened, forming a hard case while the core remains tough or soft. Gears, cams, and sleeves, for example, have better wear resistance as a result of surface hardening. For steel and iron, this is one of the most prevalent processes.
Hardening
Quenching is a quick cooling procedure typically used on stainless and high-alloy steels to develop regulated levels of martensite in the microstructure and increase hardness. This procedure involves heating the material above the critical point, where austenite forms, and then cooling it. The material can be rapidly cooled in various ways, including air, oil, water, and others.
Tempering
This procedure follows the hardening process by heating the material to a temperature below the lower critical point and then cooling it at a sufficient rate. It's primarily utilized to improve the matrix's flexibility and hardness and its grain size. Metals like steel, for example, are frequently more brittle and tougher than anticipated.
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