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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Tuesday, April 04, 2023
Some of the materials used in Precision Machining are Stainless steel, Austenitic Stainless Steel, and the use of Metal Alloys.
FREMONT, CA: Some applications require precision machining to create accurate and specialized parts. Precision machining providers must be able to work with a variety of different materials while maintaining the same quality, precision, and accuracy. Plastics, polymers, metals, and alloys can be machined with precision, including aluminum, stainless steel, copper, tellurium copper alloy, titanium, Tungsten, Kovar, Ni 200, Inconel, and Nitronic 60. Below are the most common types of materials and how they differ.
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Stainless steel: Precision machining uses stainless steel because it is versatile, durable, and efficient. Stainless steel, however, comes in a variety of varieties and options. In precision machining, stainless steel can be used for a variety of applications.
It is an iron-based alloy containing at least 10.5 percent chromium. Chromium makes stainless steel 'stainless' and is corrosion-resistant. The metallurgical structure is one way to categorize stainless steel types. The three main varieties of stainless steel are austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic. Heat treatment changes the crystal structure, and alloying changes the grade.
Austenitic Stainless Steel: In addition to chromium and nickel, austenitic stainless steel is alloyed with manganese, molybdenum, and nitrogen. These are the 300-series stainless steels and can only be hardened by cold-working due to their excellent corrosion resistance, good yield strength, tensile strength, and high impact strength.
The machining of austenitic stainless steel is considered to be challenging. The properties of these materials can, however, make them ideal for the final part or component.
Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels: Martensitic stainless steels have a higher carbon-to-chromium ratio than ferritic stainless steels. The 400-series stainless steels are non-austenitic. They are magnetic and have a lower corrosion resistance than austenitic metals. Heat treatment can harden non-austenitic stainless steels, but they are less expensive.
The use of Metal Alloys: A metal alloy is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element. Compared to metals or elements on their own, metal alloys have different properties, changing their functionality for precision machining. The benefits of individual metals can be counterbalanced by alloys. In its purest form, stainless steel is an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium, and other elements. Iron provides strength, durability, and magnetism, while chromium adds corrosion resistance by adding nickel and chrome, and molybdenum to the iron. Superalloys belong to this class. In precision machining, alloys offer higher performance and versatility.
Materials are selected based on a variety of factors, including budget, quality, and performance.
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