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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Saturday, April 01, 2023
Corrosion of metal parts can be prevented by the application of a protective coating, metal plating, environmental control solutions, and by proper maintenance of metal parts.
FREMONT, CA: The corrosion process occurs when a metal reacts with an oxidizing agent in its environment. Over time, this chemical reaction can tarnish the metal's appearance and compromise its structural integrity.
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Different types of metal have different electrochemical properties. Corrosion types are determined by these properties. Long-term exposure to moisture can cause iron tools to rust, while the weather can tarnish copper roofs. Some metals resist corrosion better than others, depending on the environment, but none are immune to all types.
In order to prevent the corrosion of metal parts, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Manufacturers must use different methods to prevent and control corrosion in different metals since there are so many types of metal and so many possible applications.
Some of the significant ways to prevent the corrosion of metal parts are as follows.
The design: At the engineering stage, corrosion control begins. The part should be designed with corrosion in mind if it will be used in an environment prone to corrosion.
Water and debris should drain off parts exposed to the elements instead of collecting on the surface. Crevice corrosion can be reduced by eliminating narrow gaps that allow air or fluid to enter and stagnate. Engineer for corrosion allowances in corrosive environments, such as saltwater.
Controlling the environment: Corrosion is influenced by a number of environmental factors. When not in use, it helps in keeping the metal parts clean and dry. Human beings may want to consider controlling the level of sulfur, chloride, or oxygen in the surrounding environment if they intend to store them for a longer time.
When metal parts with different electrode potentials are in contact with an electrolyte, such as saltwater, galvanic corrosion occurs. Consequently, the metal with higher electrode activity corrodes at the point of contact. Galvanic corrosion can be prevented by storing these parts separately. According to the following explanation, this effect can also act as an anti-corrosion measure.
The protective coating: By acting as a physical barrier between metal parts and oxidizing elements in the environment, coatings can prevent corrosion. Galvanization involves coating the part with a thin layer of zinc.
Metal parts can also be protected against corrosion with powder coatings. A powder coating can prevent corrosion by sealing the surface of the part away from the environment.
Maintenance: Corrosion in metal parts can be prevented with protective coatings, environmental control, and cathodic protection. Nevertheless, these measures are worthless without ongoing maintenance and monitoring. Over time, coatings can wear; even small nicks and scratches can cause corrosion. Keeping parts clean and applying additional protection as needed is necessary.
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