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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Monday, February 07, 2022
Electrical energy is one of the most widely used energy sources, and electric power conversion and control is one of electrical engineering's fastest expanding subfields. To fulfill these ever-changing electric power demands, power electronics combine power circuits and low signal electronic circuits.
FREMONT, CA: Electricity is unquestionably a necessary component of life. People have probably observed that, although the same source powers all appliances, the house's central air conditioning system, they all have unique power requirements. Several circuits are used in which power is converted to the desired form to accomplish this. For example, suppose a mobile phone requires low voltage DC power. In that case, a circuit between the main power supply in the house and the battery converts the input AC to DC while also adjusting the voltage to achieve the required low voltage DC power.
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People live in an era in which an increasing number of technologies are emerging to investigate the many ways to maximize the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and others. Solar panels are being promoted to meet the fundamental energy requirements of an ordinary family, hence reducing reliance on conventional energy. The primary impediment to applying these unconventional technologies is the fluctuating and low power generated, which cannot be used directly to meet standard electrical power demands that require steady and high power. Here is when power electronics enter the picture. The power generated by a solar panel, for example, is converted to a stable and higher-power alternating current supply by a mix of different power electronic circuits such as a buck/boost converter, an inverter, and a rectifier.
Another popular application is in the little adapters that come with laptop/tablet/mobile devices that convert 240V AC to 5V DC to charge their batteries. The implementation of power electronics can also be seen in a kitchen. Induction heating, which is used for cooking food on an induction burner, is a typical example of how heat is controlled using a power control circuit that adjusts the current used to heat the food.
Another example of a power electronics application is the uninterrupted power supply systems that maintain electricity to computers in a power failure. Electric vehicles, which are currently popular, also use power electronic circuits. Power control circuits are used in industries such as traction, trolly, and forklifts.
The range of applications for power electronics is staggering, and the list is virtually unlimited. All of these circuits differ in their use of switches such as GTO, SCR, IGBT, MOSFET, and BJT and the switching strategies employed to fit the application.
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