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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Monday, July 18, 2022
Surface treatment adds functions like corrosion and wear resistance or improves ornamental characteristics to enhance a material's look.
FREMONT, CA: Surface treatment is an additional technique applied to the surface of a material to add functionality, such as corrosion and wear resistance, or to improve its ornamental characteristics and look.
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Painting, such as that applied to the body of a car, printing the manufacturer's name and other information on the surface of home appliances, and "plating" under the paint on guardrails are common examples of surface treatment.
Surface treatment also includes heat treatments, such as quenching, used on metal objects such as gears and blades.
Surface treatments can be broadly divided into operations that remove the surface, like scraping or melting, and methods that add to the surface, such as painting.
There are other methods of surface treatment:
Pre-work: The product is barrel-polished to eliminate burrs, and the plating jig (a tool that holds the object to be plated and makes it easier to work with) is attached.
Pretreatment: To prepare the material for plating, chemical processes such as alkaline degreasing, pickling, electrolytic cleaning, and acid activation are employed.
Plating: The material is engaged in the plating bath while still attached to the jig and is then plated by applying an electric current. By passing an electric current through a solution containing metal ions, electrolytic plating causes the metal to be deposited on the cathode side.
A plating film is formed by placing a material to be plated together with a cathode electrode and an anode electrode into a plating solution and running an electric current through them. Depending on the base material and type of plating, numerous plating layers, including base plating, are applied.
Post-treatment: To stabilize the plating, chromate treatment, discoloration prevention, drying, etc., are conducted, and the plating solution is neutralized.
Post-processing: To fix the plating, the plated material is withdrawn from the jig and baked (a procedure that removes hydrogen from the product to prevent cracking due to hydrogen absorption by the plating).
Various sectors currently employ surface treatment technology. Particularly, electrolytic plating will continue to extend its applications and demand high-quality, cost-effective technology.
Electrolytic plating utilizes electrolysis, which requires a Direct Current (DC) power source. If the voltage is unstable, the plating deposition will also be unstable; therefore, voltage stability is essential to optimize product quality.
Moreover, the amount of plating deposited is proportional to the accumulated current, so it is essential to flow more current efficiently.
In addition, because plating involves chemicals, the atmosphere is susceptible to rust and corrosion due to corrosive gases and high humidity. Therefore, not only must the enclosure of the power supply be environmentally resistant, but it is also required to situate the power supply in a separate room from the plating room.
It is required to install power supply equipment suitable for electrolytic plating to resolve these issues.
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