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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Wednesday, March 03, 2021
Often, the various types of non-destructive testing are complementary. As a result, people may use the benefits of combining approaches.
FREMONT, CA: Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a term that refers to a collection of different inspection procedures that are used separately or in combination to determine the integrity and qualities of a material, component, or system without causing damage to it. In other words, once the inspection procedure is complete, the part that requires the usage of one or more of those approaches can still be employed. As a result, NDT is frequently used to identify, characterize, and size inherent discontinuities and those caused by damage mechanisms. NDT is governed by norms and standards that vary according to industry, country, and other factors. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASTM International, COFREND, the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the Canadian General Standards Board (CGSB), and the American Society For Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) are all well-known examples.
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Numerous non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are available in the industry, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages, but six are most frequently used: ultrasonic testing (UT), radiographic testing (RT), electromagnetic testing (ET), magnetic particle testing (MT), liquid penetrant testing (PT), and visual testing (VT).
Acoustic emission testing (AE), guided wave testing (GW), laser testing methods (LM), acoustic resonance testing (ART), leak testing (LT), magnetic flux leakage (MFL), vibration analysis (VA), and infrared testing (I) are further procedures.
These procedures frequently refer to a particular scientific theory or the inspection equipment utilized. For example, ultrasonic testing is based on the propagation of ultrasonic sound waves through a material. In contrast, magnetic particle testing is based on the effect of a magnetic field on very small particles.
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT)
PAUTinspection employs the same physical principles as conventional ultrasound inspection. The primary distinctions are between probe technology and configuration, as well as between acquisition instrument electronics. Phased Array designs are limited by the capabilities of the probe and electronics. Each constituent is independently regulated, enabling a tailored ultrasonic beam with a predetermined delay.
Automated Ultrasonic Testing (AUT)
AUT is a process that utilizes motorized inspection equipment (the scanner) to manipulate the probes while continuously tracking their position. The AUT approach is perfect for detecting corrosion on inaccessible structures along with weld inspection. Additionally, it can provide 100 percent coverage while producing more data than traditional approaches.
Time-Of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
TOFD is a technique based on the travel time of an ultrasonic wave, or 'time of flight,' and the diffraction caused by the discontinuity's extremities. TOFD is well-known for its high accuracy and precision in size and is frequently used in conjunction with the Phased Array approach.
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