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Manufacturing Technology Insights | Monday, July 13, 2020
Developments hampering tire plants and manufacturing processes are as multifarious as the penetration of new vehicle powertrains, the emergence of new markets, mergers and acquisitions, logistical burdens, and the ever-increasing value and demands of real estate
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Fremont, CA: The awareness that the tire industry needs more automation and faster size changes, has ended up in an industrial manufacturing revolution. This transformation has brought monumental changes in factory design and driven modifications in tire building machines, process equipment, and tires themselves. Some changes are the outcome of regulations, heightened OEM and consumer performance requirements, and new tire materials.
Advancements in manufacturing processes have been ongoing since the first tire factories and have intensified over the last decade, driven by a growing emphasis on environmental issues.
Developments hampering tire plants and manufacturing processes are as multifarious as the penetration of new vehicle powertrains, the emergence of new markets, mergers and acquisitions, logistical burdens, and the increased value and demand for real estate.
[vendor_logo_first]The Demand versus Manufacturing Curve
The ever-increasing global tire demand is the potential growth driver of tire manufacturing, with both vehicles in use generating ongoing tire wear and replacement needs, and new vehicle sales requiring OEM tires to be fitted. Overall global tire demand is expected to jump 4 percent per year in unit terms in 2019-24. A variety of economic, technology and regulatory, demographic, and consumer trends at the global, regional, and national level, including alternative powertrains and autonomous vehicles, improvement in materials including sustainable substitutes, and changing customer requirements such as higher fuel efficiency with reduced emissions can be pointed out as reasons for this increased demand.
Regional Developments
Tire demand and industry growth are playing a pivotal role in pushing manufacturing expansion at both the regional and global levels. Production and distribution of tire manufacturing capacity across the major regions of the world is shaped by local tire demand from OEM and replacement market customers and favorable costs of the production factors.
Tire manufacturers tend to establish local factories in their most profitable and convenient sales regions, most recently focusing on Asia. The reverse is also happening with Asian producers setting up production close to customers they consider important, such as U.S.-based OEMs. Due to this trend, North American tire manufacturing is showing growth while the mature European market is expected to lose share over the upcoming years.
Role of Vehicle Mix and Design
Trends in both conventional and emerging segments of motor vehicles have a critical influence on tire requirements and manufacturing, requiring a lot of planning and flexibility in this arena. For instance, a continuing shift toward light trucks away from passenger cars in developed markets coexists with growth in developing markets in entry-level vehicle segments.
EV Tire Requirements
The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is on the rise, and one noticeable effect of the uptake of electric powertrains is the increased complexity of tire varieties. EV tires require optimized footprint shape and contact pressure distribution to avoid irregular wear. Maximizing battery range requires continued reduction of rolling resistance, and the additional weight of EVs may need even lighter-weight tires. Quiet electric vehicles require an emphasis on noise reduction on top of existing pressure from labeling schemes.
AV Tire Evolution
Many EV tire changes also apply to autonomous vehicles. Still, the introduction and spread of autonomous driving mean that further changes are emerging and will have to be scaled up alongside more traditional manufacturing.
Autonomous self-steering cars will mean that tire-vehicle communication becomes of more significance, meaning tire sensors will become inevitable in the near future. Connected tires will contribute to road sensing, vehicle operation, and predictive maintenance (wear/damage sensing).
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